Class 9 Political Science 3: Electoral Politics

 Class 9 Political Science 3: Electoral Politics

The System of Elections in India

  • Q: What is an 'Electoral Constituency'?

    • A: It is a specific, defined territorial area divided for the purpose of holding elections.

  • Q: How many constituencies is India divided into for the Lok Sabha elections?

    • A: 543 constituencies.

  • Q: What do we call the representative elected from a Lok Sabha constituency?

    • A: A Member of Parliament (MP).

  • Q: What do we call the representative elected from a state assembly constituency?

    • A: A Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA).

  • Q: What are 'Reserved Constituencies'?

    • A: Constituencies that are kept reserved for people belonging specifically to the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) to ensure fair representation of weaker sections.

  • Q: What is a 'By-election'?

    • A: An election held in only one constituency to fill a vacancy caused by the death or resignation of a member.

Voters and Candidates

  • Q: What is the 'Electoral Roll'?

    • A: It is the official list of all the people in a constituency who are eligible to vote, commonly known as the Voters' List.

  • Q: What is the principle of 'Universal Adult Franchise'?

    • A: It means that everyone who is 18 years of age and above has the right to vote, regardless of their caste, religion, or gender.

  • Q: What does EPIC stand for?

    • A: Election Photo Identity Card, which the government issues to eligible voters to prevent voting fraud.

  • Q: What is the minimum age required to be a candidate for Lok Sabha or Assembly elections?

    • A: 25 years (unlike the voting age, which is 18).

  • Q: In political language, what is a party 'ticket'?

    • A: The official nomination of a candidate by a political party to contest the election on their symbol.

  • Q: What must every candidate make a legal declaration about while filing their nomination?

    • A: They must declare any pending criminal cases, their assets and liabilities, and their educational qualifications.

Election Campaigns

  • Q: How long does the official election campaign period usually last in India?

    • A: It takes place over a two-week period between the announcement of the final list of candidates and the date of polling.

  • Q: Which political party gave the famous slogan 'Garibi Hatao' (Remove poverty) in the 1971 Lok Sabha elections?

    • A: The Congress party led by Indira Gandhi.

  • Q: Who used the slogan 'Save Democracy' in the 1977 Lok Sabha elections?

    • A: The Janata Party under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayan.

  • Q: What is the 'Model Code of Conduct'?

    • A: A set of strict guidelines that political parties and candidates must follow during election campaigns to ensure fair play (e.g., they cannot use places of worship for election propaganda).

Polling, Counting, and the Election Commission

  • Q: What is an EVM?

    • A: An Electronic Voting Machine, used to record votes electronically instead of using traditional paper ballots.

  • Q: What happens on 'Election Day' (or polling day)?

    • A: Voters go to their designated polling booth, an election official identifies them, puts a mark on their finger, and allows them to cast their vote on the EVM.

  • Q: Which body is responsible for conducting free and fair elections in India?

    • A: The Election Commission of India (EC), which is an independent and powerful constitutional body.

  • Q: Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India?

    • A: The President of India.

  • Q: Is the Chief Election Commissioner answerable to the government or the President after appointment?

    • A: No, the CEC has tenure security and is virtually impossible to remove, ensuring the Election Commission remains completely independent of the ruling party.


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