Class 9 Civics Notes: Working of Institutions
Class 9 Civics Notes: Working of Institutions Welcome back to our Class 9 Civics study series! Today, we are exploring Chapter 5: Working of Institutions . In a democracy, winning an election is just the beginning. The real work is actually governing the country! But the Prime Minister or the President doesn't just sit in a room and make all the decisions alone. They have to work with and within certain arrangements called Institutions . In this chapter, we will look at the three main pillars of the Indian government: the Legislature (Parliament), the Executive (Ministers and Civil Servants), and the Judiciary (Courts). Let’s break down how the government actually works! 1. How is a Major Policy Decision Taken? To understand how institutions work, the NCERT book gives a real-life example of a major government order. The Office Memorandum: On August 13, 1990, the Government of India issued an Order (an Office Memorandum). It announced a massive policy change: 27% of vacancies in civ...