Class 9 Economics Chapter 4: Food Security in India 

 Class 9 Economics Chapter 4: Food Security in India

Understanding Food Security

  • Q: What are the three essential dimensions of food security?

    • A: Availability, accessibility, and affordability of food.

  • Q: What does 'availability' of food mean?

    • A: It refers to food production within the country, food imports, and the previous years' stock stored in government granaries.

  • Q: How is 'accessibility' defined in terms of food security?

    • A: It means that food is within reach of every person without discrimination.

  • Q: What does the 'affordability' of food imply?

    • A: It implies that an individual has enough money to buy sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs.

Famines and Food Insecurity

  • Q: Which was the most devastating famine that occurred in India before independence?

    • A: The Bengal Famine of 1943, which killed an estimated thirty lakh people in the province of Bengal.

  • Q: What is the difference between 'chronic hunger' and 'seasonal hunger'?

    • A: Chronic hunger is a consequence of diets persistently inadequate in quantity and quality (due to extreme poverty), while seasonal hunger is related to the cycles of food growing and harvesting (common in agricultural areas).

  • Q: Which states in India account for the largest number of food-insecure people?

    • A: States with high poverty levels like Uttar Pradesh (eastern and south-eastern parts), Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, and parts of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

The Food Security System in India

  • Q: What are the two main components of the food security system designed by the Indian government?

    • A: The Buffer Stock and the Public Distribution System (PDS).

  • Q: What is a 'Buffer Stock'?

    • A: It is the stock of foodgrains, primarily wheat and rice, procured by the government through the Food Corporation of India (FCI).

  • Q: What is the Minimum Support Price (MSP)?

    • A: It is the pre-announced price paid by the government to farmers for their crops, designed to offer financial incentives and encourage production.

  • Q: What is the 'Issue Price'?

    • A: The price—which is lower than the open market price—at which the government distributes foodgrains in deficit areas and among the poorer strata of society.

The Public Distribution System (PDS) and Cooperatives

  • Q: What are government-regulated ration shops commonly known as?

    • A: Fair Price Shops.

  • Q: What are the three main types of ration cards issued in India?

    • A: Antyodaya cards for the poorest of the poor, BPL cards for those below poverty line, and APL cards for all others.

  • Q: What significant change was introduced with the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) in 1997?

    • A: It introduced the policy of targeting the 'poor in all areas', creating differentiated prices for Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL) families.

  • Q: What is the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)?

    • A: Launched in December 2000, this scheme targets the poorest of the poor families among BPL cardholders, providing them with highly subsidized foodgrains (like wheat at ₹2/kg and rice at ₹3/kg).

  • Q: Can you name a famous cooperative society in Gujarat that brought about the White Revolution (milk production)?

    • A: Amul, which has been a massive success story for cooperatives in the country.

  • Q: Which cooperative is making strides in providing milk and vegetables to consumers at controlled rates in Delhi?

    • A: Mother Dairy.


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