Class 9 Economics Chapter 2: People as Resource

 Class 9 Economics Chapter 2: People as Resource

Human Capital and its Formation

  • Q: What is meant by the phrase 'People as Resource'?

    • A: It is a way of referring to a country's working population in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.

  • Q: What is 'Human Capital Formation'?

    • A: It is the process of further developing the existing human resource by investing in their education and health, which adds to the productive power of the country.

  • Q: How does a 'virtuous cycle' of human development occur?

    • A: It is created when educated and healthy parents invest heavily in the education and health of their children, ensuring they also grow up to be productive and healthy adults.

  • Q: What is a 'vicious cycle' in this context?

    • A: It is created by disadvantaged, uneducated, and unhealthy parents who are unable to invest in their children, keeping them in a similar state of deprivation.

Economic Activities

  • Q: What are the three main sectors into which economic activities are classified?

    • A: The Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary sectors.

  • Q: Which activities fall under the Primary sector?

    • A: Activities directly related to extracting natural resources, such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, and mining.

  • Q: What does the Secondary sector include?

    • A: It includes manufacturing and construction, where raw materials are processed into finished goods.

  • Q: What type of activities make up the Tertiary sector?

    • A: Services that support the primary and secondary sectors, such as trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, and tourism.

  • Q: What is the fundamental difference between 'Market' and 'Non-market' activities?

    • A: Market activities are performed for pay or profit, whereas non-market activities are performed for self-consumption.

Quality of Population (Education and Health)

  • Q: Which two factors primarily determine the quality of a country's population?

    • A: The literacy rate (education) and the life expectancy (health) of the people.

  • Q: What is the 'Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan'?

    • A: A significant government initiative aimed at providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.

  • Q: What are the dual objectives of the Mid-day Meal scheme?

    • A: To encourage school attendance and retention of children, and to simultaneously improve their nutritional status.

  • Q: Why is health considered an indispensable basis for human capital?

    • A: Because an unhealthy person cannot maximize their productivity and becomes a liability to an organization or the economy, rather than an asset.

Understanding Unemployment

  • Q: How is 'unemployment' officially defined?

    • A: It is a situation that exists when people who are willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs.

  • Q: What is 'Seasonal Unemployment'?

    • A: It happens when people are unable to find jobs during certain specific months of the year, a common phenomenon in the agricultural sector between sowing and harvesting.

  • Q: What is 'Disguised Unemployment'?

    • A: A situation where more people are engaged in a job than actually required; for example, if five people are working on a farm where only three are needed, the extra two are disguisedly unemployed.

  • Q: Which type of unemployment is a common problem in urban areas?

    • A: Educated unemployment, where youth with matriculation, graduation, and post-graduation degrees are unable to find suitable jobs.

  • Q: What is a major economic consequence of unemployment?

    • A: It leads to the wastage of manpower resources, turning people who should be an asset into an economic liability.


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